What if the U.S. and its allies lost in WWII?

If the U.S. and its allies had lost in WWII, the world would be total different from nowadays situations. There would be only three or four countries left on the earth. Due to the fact that the imperialism party began this war, after the Germany, Russia, and Japan won this dreadful war. They would have carve up the rest of the world definitely and would have swallow up the natural resources in their occupancy. This is the reason why they invade other countries.

Besides to drain the other countries natural resources, another important reason is they want to build up a Comminism society to control the world. The WWII is also a war that Communism VS Capitalism. The two party want to publicize their philosophy which is good for the people. Not only the Communism VS Capitalism, but also the socialism VS democratism. Now we are living in a democratic society, we enjoy the freedom and the right we have. It is a very pleasing environment we have. I can't image what would happen if now is the Imperialism party control the world. We would not have the freedom we had right now, and would not have our personal property. How would it be if everday the people just do the same work which is assigned by government? And only received the food, clothes, and basic supplements to survive. I think the society would not have any improvement, and would become very desolate. There would have been no reason for people to live, lacking the incentives for all mankind to do better to the world. Maybe there would not have been iPod or some other interesting products in this world. Because people would have the only hope is to demolish the socialism and to build a democatic society. This is the best way for people, and there are many true exemples to show us right now.
Therefore, I could not image what if the U.S. and its allies lost in WWII.

Write down specific criteria for evaluating a documentary

There are some specific criteria for evaluating a documentary.
1. Is the documentary use a objective view to talk about this topic issue?

2. Are there many emotional words using in this documentary?

3. Do many people can easy follow the issue talking in the documentary, and can understand what is the main idea the author want to bring to us?

4. Do the documentary have any entertainment function?

5. After watching the documentary, can it give you some motivation to do something you never done before?

First, due to the upper questions list, the Bowling for Columbine is using a subjective view to film this documentary. Beacuse the director, Michael Moore, interviewed many different people including the victims in the Columbine and other people whom they were affected by other relevant violence events.

Second, the director use many emotional ways to evoke the commiseration in people's deepth heart. Therefore, after the audience watching this documentary, they would always feel want to something serious to prevent such direful thing happened again.

Third, this documentary shows very vlear actions and clues to audiences. In hence, the audiences are not easily miss the concept of main issue in this documentary.

Forth, this documentary is talking about a very serious issue in the U.S. society. Therefore, this is no entertainment function in this documentary.

Fifth, I think after all the audiences watching this documentary, the film must evoke some ideas from your mind. And which can help you to do something different that you never thought before or never done before to improve this society become less violence. At the end, this society will become full of love not violent.

Responses to the Bowling for Columbine Questions

Q1. he will receive a weapon as a gift.

Q2. He grow up in Michigan, the gun’s lovers paradise.

Q3. The president of National Rifle Association.

Q4. Timothy Mc Veigh and Terry Nicholas are two persons that every weekend used to meet in a forest for shooting.

Q5. You must carry a gun because it is an American tradition defend personally all own kids and family.

Q6. In connection with Oklahoma city bombing.

Q7. It means that we must always have a weapon if the worlds are not safe.

Q8.Yes: Yes.

Q9. It is a town situated in the State of Colorado. Here there is Lookheed
Marking, that is a factory of rockets and there is the Columbine high school too.

Q10.It is a room with a core – door and they want one for higher security.

Q11. The Columbine has changed the way they work.

Q12. It means that all people are members of the community.

Q13. The programs to permit the schools to organize deals to control the anger.

Q14. It was the day when the NATO bombed Kosovo more than any other day. Even though many people thought that it was an information of big importance, it was hardly mentioned in American news. And one hour later a shooting in Columbine high school took place and that was the top news. One can understand that the Americans don’t care much of the horrors that happen in other countries when they don’t have any direct interest in that country.

Q15. The Killings Heston held a major rally in Denver.

Q16. They responded to life in Littletone making a cartoon about their town.

Q17. Some of the responses from schools nationwide to the tragedy at Columbine were that many controls were effected to all students and most of the schools’ command became intolerant.

Q18. The people that were blamed for the tragedy at Columbine are Eric Harris and Dylan Kleiboard.

Q19. Marilyn Manson thinks that his songs don’t persuade anyone.

Q20. The boys enrolled in the morning before they killed at Columbine were in the Bowling class.

Q21. There are other countries that have a violent pasts, like Germany, France, England, Japan, Austria, but U.S.A. has 11127 murders every years

Q22. The colt revolver was created in 1891.

Q23. The NRA was founded in 1879.

Q24. The news media want people to be frightened.

Q25. Two kids have been killed by Halloween candy by their parents .

Q26. The black men are the most common suspects on television.

Q27. The kids in the suburbs because they have the higher number of weapons.

Q28. TV network conditions people in the United States.

Q29. He said that American violence along with robberies of any kind (like robberies of bank) are successful on TV than any other kind of crime.

Q30. In the past three years there were 1 gun murder in Sarnia, Canada and 1 in Windsor, Ontario.

Q31. The misconceptions about Canada are that in this country there is a low number of weapons, the people don’t watch violent films and there is a low number of coloured people. The truth is that in Canada the situations are similar to the United States of America, maybe the problem is the population.

Q32. Yes, Canada have guns and in 2001 they could get guns/ammunition easily, but people don’t use them because they feel safer without them , and there isn’t criminality.

Q33. Canadian TV doesn't brocast violence.

Q34. The different between these two systems is that in Canada there are more social laws on health and human right.

Q35. The news crews to show up the youngest school shooting took half an hour.

Q36. Tamarla Owens worked with tha welfare program all the day, so she couldn't stay with her children, who stayed alone at home.

Q37. The guns' sales has increased by 70% and the ammunition increased by 40%.

Q38. He takes Richard and Mark bullet to take at K-Mart headquarter.

Q39. They buy a lot of ammunition in a K-Mart shop and take them to K-Mart headquarters to demostrate that it is very easy to buy this product.

Q40 He visits Charlton Heston's house and thay talk about the congress that C. Heston has done after the murder of kayla and after the Columbine.

Q41. The film spesks about that it is very easy to buy weapons in the United States, and this is why it may cause so much violence.

Q42. Ex. How can you get a gun? Why in the USA are many murders due to madness? Why are the Amercians frightened?

Q43. I want to know the process to buy a gun and what kind of capibility to the citizens can have a gun.

Q43.

A detailed definition of what is meant by the terms: education, bullying, and terrorism.

1.Education: It is a "systematic process" of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills for students. Take all parents for example, they can educate their children some manners and how to be polite to everyone at their home. Everything parents do at home is a kind of "education" with body action and communication skills to their children. To give something to the next generation in some traditional ways beyond the school teachers and books. Such as some living skills will be taught from the elders in some specail district where the climate is very violently, the youngsters have to learn how to live well there.

2.Bullying: It's an act of intimidating a weaker person to make them do something in the order meaning. Before legislatures were required to define bullying in more precise terms, characterizing "bullying" had largely been a question of individual judgment--"we know what it is when we see it." Bullying includes harassment, intimidation to varying degrees, taunting and ridicule. Sometimes, bullies are motivated by hate and bias, sometimes by cultural educations, peer pressure or the desire to retaliate. Bullying may occur within the context of initiation rituals and be labeled "hazing," or it can be overtly or implicitly about gender, constituting sexual harassment. Sometimes, there is no readily identifiable reason for bullying; when kids are asked who school bullies target, their answers can be disturbing precisely because they are not very special: bullies pick on kids who are "weaker," "smaller," "funny looking," or "dumb."

3.Terrorism: It's some kind of unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence against people or property to force or intimidate governments or societies, often to achieve political, religious, or some ideological objectives. Take the most outrageous terrorist attack for example, on september 11,2001, the world trade center in downtown area of New York city was attacked by the two commercial airplanes. The Al-Qaeda is the international alliance of terrorist organizations founded by some veterans. They concocted this horrible attack just because want to claim their evil idea to against the United States. For example, bin Laden claimed that America was massacring Muslims in Palestine, Kashmir and Iraq and that Muslims should retain the right to attack in vengeance. He also claimed the 9/11 attacks were not targeted at women and children, but America's icons of military and economic power. The attack was the most devastating terrorist act in US history.

The short summary of Columbine high school massacre

On April 20, 1999, in the small, suburban town of Littleton, Colorado, two high-school senior students, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, enacted an horrible attack on Columbine High School in the middle of the school day. Theirs' plan was to kill hundreds of their schoolmates. With guns, knives, and a bomb, the two boys walked the hallways and killed. Before committing suicide, they already killed twelve students, one teacher, and as well as damaged other twenty-three people in the school.

According to journals, notes, and videos that Dylon and Eric left to be discovered, Dylon had been thinking of committing suicide as early as 1997 and they both had begun thinking about a large massacre as early as April 1998 - a full year before the actual event. By then, the two had already run into some trouble. In January , 1998, Dylon and Eric were arrested for breaking into a van. Since they were first-time offenders, this program allowed them to purge the event from their record if they could successfully complete the program. So, for eleven months, the two attended workshops, spoke to counselors, worked on volunteer projects, and convinced everyone that they were sincerely sorry about the break-in. However, during the entire time, both of them were making plans for a large-scale massacre at their high school. Both of them were angry teenagers. They were not only angry at athletes that made fun of them, or Christians, or blacks, as some people have reported; they basically hated everyone except for a handful of people. On the front page of Harris's journal, he wrote: "I hate the fucking world." Harris also wrote that he hates racists, martial arts experts, and people who brag about their cars.

find academic sources that discuss the causes of school violence

1. Hard lessons. (2007, September 22). Economist, 384( 8547), 58. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=14&sid=bdee229b-1425-4353-8c81-85cc892df458%40sessionmgr8

2. Seaton, E. (2007, May). Exposing the Invisible. Journal of Adolescent Research, 22(3), 211-218. doi:10.1177/0743558407300345

3. Shapiro, S. (2007, July). Virginia Tech Education and a Culture of Death. Tikkun, 22(4), 56-59.Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=5&hid=117&sid=bdee229b-1425-4353-8c81-85cc892df458%40sessionmgr8

4. Watkins, C., Mauthner, M., Hewitt, R., Epstein, D., & Leonard, D. (2007, February). School violence,school differences and school discourses. British Educational Research Journal, 33(1), 61-74. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=104&sid=bdee229b-1425-4353-8c81-85cc892df458%40sessionmgr8

5. Williams, K., Rivera, L., Neighbours, R., & Reznik, V. (2007). Youth Violence Prevention Comes of Age: Research, Training and Future Directions. Annual Review of Public Health, 28(1), 195-211. doi:10.1146/annurev.publheatth.28.021406.144111

Effect on Biodiversity & Substantial Equivalence

There is a bacterium that is naturally toxic to certain beetles and insects. Scientists have taken the gene that produces the toxin in the bacterium and engineered it into potato and corn plants. Now the potato and corn plants produce the same toxin, so any of the beetles or insects that eat them are poisoned by the toxin in the potato and corn plants. As the plants produce their own insecticide, farmers do not need to spray them with conventional insecticide, with the result that there is less pesticide residue on these plants. In this sense, these GE plants are better for us. But they now contain a gene that produces toxins. Is this good for us?
As well as the target pests, many beneficial beetles and insects are killed. Monarch butterfly larvae died when they came into contact with pollen from GE corn. What will be the effect on beetles, mice, birds, etc. that eat the beetles and insects that have been poisoned by the toxin in the potatoes and corn? In other words, what will be the effect on the environment? Some fear that proliferation of GE crops may result in huge losses of biodiversity and all the dangers that entails.
The GE potatoes and GE corn just mentioned are meant to reduce the need for pesticide. Other plants are genetically engineered to withstand pesticide. A gene that is naturally resistant to Monsanto's Roundup herbicide has been inserted into canola. So a farmer can spray a field of GE canola with almost as much Roundup as he/she likes, and while the weeds will be killed, the canola will be unaffected. So herbicide-resistant GE crops may encourage farmers to use more pesticide. There would be more pesticide residue on these crops.
In some places, the bacteria needed for breaking down vegetable matter so that the soil is fertilized are being wiped out by excessive use of Roundup. The soil is becoming inert, and so much so that dead weeds do not rot.
When a farmer harvests a crop like soy, some falls on to the ground and may remain there till the following growing season, when it may grow spontaneously. If the farmer is growing a different crop, the soy is now unwanted, a weed, and the farmer may want to kill it with herbicide. Herbicide-resistant GE soy cannot be killed with ordinary herbicide and farmers in Argentina, for example, use a potent cocktail of different chemicals, including 2-4,D and, it is thought, Paraquat. This cocktail is causing environmental havoc. Some of the chemicals are blown by the wind on to neighboring fields, into streams and lakes, and on to people. It is causing skin blemishes on children, farm animals to be born deformed, bananas to sprout from the middle of the branch instead of the top, lakes filled with dead fish.


The biotechnology industry claims that genetic engineering is just like traditional breeding, i.e., GE plants are substantially equivalent to non-GE plants and, therefore, that they do not need any extra regulation. This is obviously misleading.
In traditional breeding, members of the same or very similar species are crossed to create offspring with some novel trait. This greatly limits the genes that can be combined. Furthermore, when different but similar species are crossed, their offspring are generally infertile, preventing inter-species gene combinations from propagating in the wild. For example, a donkey and a mare can make a mule, but the mule will be infertile, the end of the line for the combined genes.
Genetic engineering smashes these natural barriers. Using gene insertion, any gene from any plant, animal, bacterium, fungus or virus can be inserted into the DNA in reproductive cells of any other organism. If the resulting organism survives, it generally can pass on its altered DNA, along with and new traits, through normal reproduction. For example, genetic engineering enables scientists to create pigs which have human genes, genes which will be passed on to future generations.
So GE plants and animals are not substantially equivalent to non-GE varieties. But are they safe for us to eat? Do they need extra regulation?
There are indications that they may not be safe. An English scientist reported that rats fed GE potatoes developed cancerous tumors. The rats' brain size also decreased. The same scientist also fed GE tomatoes to rats. 7 out of 20 rats developed stomach lesions and died.
There are also problems within the Food and Drug Agency, the US agency with responsibility for regulating food. Because of inadequate legislation in the US, Monsanto's New Leaf Superior GE potato is not regulated. The potato has been genetically engineered to poison and kill the Colorado potato beetle. Because it produces its own toxin, the potato is registered as a pesticide. The FDA does not regulate the potato because it does not have authority to regulate pesticides. That is the Environment Protection Agency's job, but the EPA says the potato is a food.
The first GE crop to be commercialized, the Flavr Savr tomato, did not pass the required toxicological tests. Secret memoranda from the FDA reveal that the agency ignored warnings from its own senior scientists who pointed out that GE is risky. What is behind this situation? For one thing, there is a very close link between the biotechnology industry and the US government. The biotech industry has been well represented in President Bush's cabinet. Secretaries of Defence, Health, and Agriculture, the Attorney General and the chairperson of the House Agriculture Committee have had connections with Monsanto or the wider industry.
But would the manufacturer be irresponsible? Monsanto president has been quoted as saying, "Safety is the Government's responsibility."
So we do not know for sure if GE foods are safe. They may turn out to be harmful. There are many examples of new technologies hailed at first as great benefits to humankind, but later realized to be anything but a benefit. The effects of DDT were not known for decades. Likewise Thalidomide, which caused deformities in more than 100,000 babies. At the time of its approval in the EU and Canada, tests in laboratory animals showed no negative effects. Thalidomide's damage was revealed only over time, not in the drug's users, but in their children.
There is already at least one new disease linked to GE food. In 1989 eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) hit the US. 37 people died and 1,500 were permanently disabled. EMS was linked to the consumption of a dietary supplement called L-Tryptophan. The batch of L-Tryptophan implicated in the outbreak was traced to Showa Denko, which had recently introduced a new genetically engineered bacterium into its production process.

Discuss the case of “Martin”. What should the family do? What factors and values influenced your decision?

According to the fact that Martin's family doesn't have a lot of money. And I don't know whether his family have the healthy insurance which can afford Martin's medical expense. I think it is hard for them to make a decision, because they love him so much. But from the consequence of the decision I think they sholud let him die naturally. If Martin still had mental activity, I think he would do the smae decision. His family can not support medical expense is the master problem they face. If the government or the charity can support his family, without questions, they should kept him alive. Maybe someday the miracle happende that he just awaken by himself.

In other words...

Source: Leary, Kowalski, Smith, &Phillips(2003)

Among adults, a great deal of irritation and assult also appears to be caused by"real, perceived, or threatened rejection." Research on unrequited love shows that anger is a common response to having one's romantic wish obstructed (Buameister et al., 1993) , and both empirical and evidence from personal account suggest that people who are rejected often become angry and stike out at those who ignore them (Williams, 1997; Williams and Zurdo, 2001).

Certain individuals may be routinely rejected and disregarded by large segments of their peer groups. In many examples, being relegated to the surroundings of social life is neither malevolent nor designed, but rather the result of simple indifference. Individuals who are particularly shy or erratic, who posses unpleasant social characteristics, or who do not share other student's concerns may simply be ignored.

Eric Harris, 18, and Dylan Klebold, 17, opened fire on classmates at Columbine High School using heavy weapons, then commited suicide. Killing 13 people(12 students, one teacher), and at least 21 people injured. The attack had been premediated for more than a year. Both students had been rejected, scoffed, and bullied by other students, particulary sportmans. In addition, Harris had been turned down from Marines a week before the attack and was refused by a girl whom he had asked to the prom.

Source: DAVID M. KENNEDY in a New york Times editoral

But the modern military's separation from American society is even more confusing. Since the time of the ancient Greeks through the American Revolutionary War and well into the 20th century, the duty to bear arms and the advantages of citizenship have been intimately linked. It was for the purpose of that link between service and a full place in society that the founders were so invested in militians and so concerned about standings armies, which Samuel Adams warned were "always dangerous to the liberties of the people."

The hints sre deeply startling: history's most powerful military force can now be put into the field by a society that do something without effort when it does so. We can now wage war while putting at risk very few of our sons and daughters, none of whom is obliged to serve. Modern warfare lays no viatl loads on the larger body of citizens in whose name war is being waged.

Sara Beale (2006)

This article debates that commercial pressures are deciding the the news media's contemporary remedy of crime and violence, and that the outcome coverage has played a major role in reshaping public impression, and ultimately, criminal justice policy. The news media are not mirrors, simply reflecting events in society. Furthermore, media content is molded by economic and marketing deliberations that frequently override traditional journalistical guage for newsworthiness.

Many different people give their opinions about the question of whether prodigies are born or made

In my personal opinion, most prodigies are made by their parents, teachers, and living environment. There is a true example in one of my parent's good friend. She is just 15 years old, but she is just enrolled in the best physics school in Taiwan to earn her master degree. Her father is a CPA in a medium accounting firm. And her mother is an elementary school teacher. Therefore, her mother know how to give their childern a positive learning environment. Her father can afford enough money to support what they need in their growing period. In the school, she can listen and follow the teacher's instructions very successfully. When she came back home, she can have a very good comunication with her parent. At the mean time, she can get a positive respond or feedback when she give out a question. Therefore, she can think quickly and get the answer or solution she want immediately in her learning period. It is a great help for her to become a prodigy due to the nurture.

The day after tomorrow

The film described that the global warming causes large areas of the Greenland and Antarctic ice shelves to break off and melt, diluting the Atlantic Ocean with large amounts of fresh water. This disrupts the ocean's thermohaline circulation and slows the Gulf Stream, causing a rapid cooling of the northern hemisphere. This triggers a series of unusual and extreme weather incidents, eventually leading up to a massive "global superstorm" system consisting of three gigantic hurricane-like superstorms, which result in an ice age for the northern hemisphere within days. One hurricane-like storm is cover North America, one cover Europe, and the last one cover Russia. The film portrays the eye of the superstorms as having such a low pressure that extremely cold air from the upper troposphere is sucked downward, instantly freezing all who are caught in the eye. Throughout the movie, a subplot involves the refusal of the Vice President of the United States to accept the threat of global warming—despite increasingly extreme weather conditions occurring throughout the world—insisting that measures to prevent it will do too much damage to the economy. In the end of the film give us a big issue we taked about everday - global warming. Therefore, I think every big enterprise in it's industry should become a good model try to do something to curtail global warming.

Graph Showing Average Daily Use of D.C. Metro

The graphic shows that the average number of people daily use of D.C. Metro. We can see that from 6:00 the number increased sharply. To 8:00, the number get to the peak of the day. Then from 8:00 to 10:00, the number initially declined to the average level of the day. Pass 10:00, the number of people went up to the plateau situation. Until pass 14:00, the number of people dipped to the bottom at 16:00. Then the number went up suddendly to the second highest level at 18:00. Then the number went down again to a low level at 20:00. And from 20:00 to 22:00, the number of people remain steady low in the late night. Therefore, the graphic curve shows the daily rush hour are 8:00 in the morning when people have to get to work and 18:00 in the afternoon when people have to get home. But from 12:00 to 14:00, it is a big brake for most people to find out what to eat.

Discuss the argument presented in the documentary based on the questions about "The End of Suburbia".

Q1. The main claim is that people live in suburbia need consuming a lot of fossil fuel in their automoblies. But right now, the global demand for fossil fuels begins to outstrip supply. World Oil Peak and the inevitable decline of fossil fuels are upon us now. This is a big warning to everyone who live in surburbia.

Q2. The background of the problem is that the world Oil Peak and the inevitable decline of fossil fuels are upon us now. Because the United states had past it's oil peak in 1970's. Therefore, it's a hot issue for people live in the world to care about.

Q3. The reasons are due to the following relations. After the World War II, North americans hvae the American Dream want to live in suburbia-> People in suburbia need personal automobiles to go everywhere fo living -> A lot of automobiles need a lot of fossil fuel -> But the fossil fuel on the earth is limited -> Many experts says that the oil peak will pass in 2010 -> In order to prevent the American Dream broken, we need to do something in advance. Such as developing new technology in automobile or find the other kinds of energy for people to use.

Q4. The evidences are in the following examples. 1.The blockout happened in toronto, Canada
2.The data shows on the graphic about oil peak 3.The oil price is getting higher and higher 4.The living style in suburbia is hard to chang in a short time.

Q5. First, the biochemical fuel is already available on the market. You can choose to fill this kind of fuel in your car. Second, the experts still can not calculate the real quantity of the oil on the
earth. Third, the hybrid car already manufactured and sold by the motor company, such as Toyota and Ford. The car can use the hydrogen to generate power pushing the car forward.

Q6. The energy prices skyrocket in the coming years. And the living style will have a big change in north america. The energy's price will become higher than everyone can afford in daily life.

Q7.The scientists need to find out other replacement energy quickly. Beacuse the time is almost not enough for reserching when compare to the fossil fuel consuming speed. Such as solar energy, wind, and other nature resources.

Discuss whether you think mixed marriages are good or bad. If you were going to do research on mixed marriages, what factors would you investigate?

There is a true stroy about mixed marriage in my big family. My second aunt, old sister of my father, married to a Japanese around thrity years ago. In my childhood, I always remember everytime when she came bake to Taiwan to see my grandparent. She always brought the most popular toys in japan to us. My cousin and I are so glad that we had a mixed marriage in our big family. Because it is not so many opportunities to have a mixed marriage in that time in taiwan. In traditional society, older parent will help their daughter to decide whom will marry to. Therefore, it is not so easy to have a free choice to my aunt whom can choose who she loves independently. And I think another reason is due to my grantparent have a open-minded heart. They allowed their children to decide their most important decision in the lifetime, and to choose your love in the world.

In my personal view, having a mixed marriage is good. Beacuse you can have a chance to become very familiar to another country's customs, cultures, and open your minded in different way. The world is too big to understand. It is a good way to understand other country's culture through mixed marriages. The chance for me to have a mixed marriage is hard to calculate, if someday I just have a chance to meet someone that I really like and fall in love with her. In the end, I will choose to have a mixed marriage without a doubt.

What do you think is the ideal age for a child to be introduced to computers?

In my opinion, I think the ideal age for children to be introduced to computers is when they starting learning in the kindergarten. Because in this age, the brain activity is very active and dynamic in these children. They can learn and try to understand everything quickly. They are very curious about the world, and I think you should give them an opportunity and a very powerful tool to use for them to try to realize everything they can. The young children can try to dig out everything they can realized and understand by using the special designed computers, and which is designed for learning purpose no matter outside the hardware or inside the software. The most importat reason is giving them a choice to decide to use the computer or not, because they can understand in this world there is a kind of tool called computer for them to use if they want to. Besides, they still have teachers at school and parents at home to support them, and give them the different solutions when they can't figure out the answer of the question they face when use the computer. For this reason, i think the ideal age for a child to introduced to computers is around six to eight years old.

Responses to the three questions on p.15

Q1. There might be as many health related concerns such as problems with your eyes, and getting addicted to the computer that you might stop thinking than the computer instead for your brain. Therefore, you would not be able to think broadly as you should.

Q2.These parents realized that they have done a big mistake by not sending their children outside in the real world where they can explore themselves and would get smarter naturally.

Q3.The main factor can determine how useful computers are in the classroom is whether have well-trained teachers. Because the well-trained teacher can use the tools for simulations and applications.

Summary of "beyond Rivalry"

During childhood, siblings are a major part of each other's lives, for better or for worse. As adults they may drift aparts as they become involved in their own careers, marriages and families. But in later life, which retirement from career, an empty home, and parents and sometiomes spouses gone, brothers and sisters often turn back to each other for a special affinity and link to the past. Psychologist of the University of Hartford Michael Kahn says "In the stressful, fast-pased world we live in, the siblings relationship becomes for many the only intimate connection that seems to last" And psychologist Deborah Gold of the Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development points out,"Since people are living longer and are healthier longer, they will be more capable of giving help." But siblings may not turn to each other for help because of latent rivalry. They may believe that if they need to call on a brother or sister they are admitting that the other person is a success and I am a failure. Almost all of the people in God's study said they would rather than continue on their own than ask their brother or sister for help. But Gold found that a chrisis beyond control would inspire a rallying of some or all siblings around the brother or sister in need. Despite the quarreling and competition many people associate with the mere mention of their brothers and sisters, most of us will find unexpected strengths in this relationship in later life.

Summary of "State Lotteries are needed"

Throughout history, the state lottery is an attractive option to legislators because citizens are not compelled to contribute. Without a state lottery, legislators are compelled to impose higher taxes upon citizens to meet the financial needs. Lotteries thus provide essential funds for state programs through voluntary taxation. Take the George state for example, properly managed state-sanctioned lottery programs have helped states raise over thrity billion dollars in revenue nationally. In 1995, the state government provided 85 million in scholarships which allowed more than 100,000 high school graduates to receive post secondary education. Another public benefit derived from state lotteries is found in the jobs created by these lotteries and the programs they help fund. More than 8,000 jobs in George are directly attributable to the state lottery and its funded programs. States can also profit from lotteries because of the economic benefits of providing relief to state taxpayers. Take the Wisconsin state legislature for example, it has given its citizens close to two billion dollars in property tax relief since the state's lottery began in 1988. When effective adminstration of lottery revenue is achieved, the proceeds can accomplish a great deal of good.

Writing exercises. Alter the following sentences to make them academically respectable and defensible.

1. Physical attraction is important for marital happiness.
=>Physical attraction may not be so important for marital happiness.

2.Economic sanctions are ineffective.
=>Most of the economic sanctions may be ineffective.

3.Alcohol causes people to become violent.
=>Drinking a lot of alcohol beverages would causes people to become violent.

4.Passive smoking causes cancer.
=>Passive smoking could be the major reason causes cancer.

5.Recycling is the best solution to the waste disposal problem.
=>Recycling is might be the best solution to the waste disposal problem.

6.Physical exercise lessens the severity of depression.
=>Physical exercise lessens may reduce the severity of depression.

7.Great novels do not make great films.
=>Great novels do not always make great films.

8.Private schools provide better education than do public schools.
=>Most of private schools provide better education than do public schools.

What examples of hedging can you find?

Our analyses of cases of school violence since 1995 support the hypothesis that social rejection was involved in most cases of lethal school violence. Twelve of the cases involved an ongoing pattern of teasing, bullying, or ostracism, and at least six of the perpetrators had experienced a recent romantic rejection. In only two of the incidents did we find no clear evidence of rejection; Seth Trichey, who wounded four students in Ft. Gibson, OK, was an honor student that other students liked, his victims were randomly chosen, and he seemed unable to explain his actions. Even so, he did not appear remorseful (unlike, for example, the shooters in Fayetteville, TN, and Conyers, GA), which suggests either that he thought that the victims deserved their fate or that he was psychologically incapable of empathy. Victor Cordova, who killed a female student in Deming, NM, also had no history of rejection, but he had been deeply depressed for some time. These findings are consistent with those obtained by the U.S. Secret Service and reported in their Safe School Initiative. In their analysis of school shootings that have occurred in recent years, they found evidence for bullying, ostracism, and social rejection in over two-thirds of the cases [Vossekuil et al., 2000].
Several of the perpetrators explicitly explained their actions as a response to being mistreated by other students. For example, the perpetrator of the Pearl, Mississippi shooting said that he killed because ‘‘people like me are mistreated every day…. No one ever really cared about me’’ [Chua-eoan, 1997]. Similarly, one of the Jonesboro, Arkansas shooters had vowed to kill all of the girls who had broken up with him [Blake et al., 1998], and the Columbine killers’ rage appeared to come from their rejection and mistreatment by other people. Of course, a murderer’s stated reason for his behavior may reflect nothing more than a self-serving justification. However, independent evidence from other students and teachers corroborates the presence of rejection in most of the cases. It is also noteworthy that, to our knowledge, few of the perpetrators attributed their violent behavior to other equally plausible causes, such as disinterested parents, a broken home, child abuse, academic failure, or psychological problems.
Few individuals navigate their way through adolescence without being teased, bullied, or rejected in some manner, but the vast majority do not exact retribution on their classmates. Rejection may be frustrating, angering, even maddening [Buckley, unpublished data; Twenge et al., 2001], but it is rarely sufficient to provoke premeditated violence even if the victim feels like killing people. Thus, rejection alone, while a possible contributor, does not necessarily cause violence by itself. The information we collected regarding the three other risk factors offers hints regarding other contributors to school violence. In particular, most of the perpetrators displayed at least one of the other three risk factors (psychological problems, interest in guns or explosives, or fascination with death). Thus, we speculate that rejection, combined with one or more of these other factors puts an individual at higher risk to perpetrate aggression against peers.
First, a variety of psychological problems may be associated with an increased tendency for aggressive behavior. For example, certain personality disorders are characterized by aggressiveness, paranoia, low impulse control, lack of empathy for other people, and even sadistic behaviors, all of which may lower one’s threshold for violence [Millon, 1981]. Thus, some instances of school violence may reflect extreme manifestations of an ongoing pattern of antisocial and aggressive behavior. Many of the shooters had been in trouble previously for aggression against their peers, and two had allegedly abused animals. In addition, people who are depressed and perhaps suicidal may behave in desperate ways, feeling that they having nothing to lose by acting aggressively [Marano, 1998]. The Safe School Initiative report indicated that perpetrators in over three-fourths of the school shootings had either threatened or attempted suicide at some time in the recent past [Vossekuil et al., 2000].
Second, individuals who not only have access to guns but who are fascinated by firearms and explosives may be more likely to act on their aggressive impulses because they are comfortable dealing with instruments of destruction than those who are unfamiliar or uncomfortable with guns and explosives, who do not have the means to perpetrate violence with firearms and bombs. Experience with guns is by no means necessary, however; the perpetrator of the West Paducah, Kentucky shooting had apparently not fired a gun before his rampage.
Third, people who are fascinated by themes of death, and whose identity is linked to Gothic, Satanic, and other ‘‘dark’’ lifestyles may find the idea of carnage less revolting than most other people do. It remains unclear whether death-rock music and other aspects of popular culture that glorify death cause otherwise peaceful adolescents to be violent or whether individuals who are already inclined toward aggression are simply more interested in death-related music and activities.
Previous theory and research has not adequately addressed the question of why rejection sometimes leads to anger and an impulse to aggress. Thomas [1995] suggested that the painful feelings of shame that often result from rejection may provoke anger and aggression, much in the same way in which physical pain (such as slamming one’s own hand in a door) can make people angry. Other writers have suggested that aggression may result from a desire to show that one is not a person to be trifled with [Nisbett, 1993] or to maintain self-esteem and buttress one’s positive self-concept after an ego-threatening event [Baumeister et al., 1996]. Without discounting other explanations, we believe that the primary motive in most of the school shootings seems to have been retribution, either for an ongoing pattern of ostracism and teasing or for an acute rejection such as a romantic breakup. In fact, many of the cases were characterized by both an ongoing pattern of rejection and a specific rejection experience, suggesting that the recent rejection may have been the straw that broke the camel’s back. At the same time, however, the evidence suggests that at least some of the perpetrators were seeking respect as well. After killing three and injuring five in West Paducah, KY, Michael Carneal was quoted as saying ‘‘People respect me now,’’ and the Columbine killers fantasized that they would be famous and that movie directors would fight over making a movie of their story [Gibbs and Roche, 1999].
Of course, like all case studies, this one is open to the criticism that the mode of data collection is necessarily selective and uncontrolled. In particular, the evidence that we obtained about the episodes from press reports may reflect reporters’ implicit theories about the link between rejection and aggression; we may have found evidence of such a relationship because writers in the mass media selectively reported evidence consistent with their implicit theories. We cannot discount this possibility but find it noteworthy than only a few of our sources drew an explicit connection between the rejection that the perpetrators had experienced and their subsequent violent behavior. In most cases, information regarding the perpetrator’s relationships with other students was mentioned only in the context of describing the kind of person he or she was. Only after the Columbine shootings in April of 1999 did many writers begin to explore the role than ostracism or rejection may have played.
Furthermore, like all case studies, ours necessarily lacks an appropriate control group. Although we can document that most of the perpetrators of these school shootings had been subjected to teasing, bullying, or other types of rejection, we do not know for certain whether they experienced an exceptionally high level of mistreatment compared to other children and adolescents. Given that roughly 75% of elementary and middle school students are occasionally bullied at school [Kass, 1999], the perpetrators of the school shootings were by no means unique. Even so, from reading descriptions of their peer relationships, our sense is that most of the shooters had experienced an unusually high amount of bullying or ostracism that was particularly relentless, humiliating, and cruel. Furthermore, when an individual has psychological difficulties, an affinity for guns and explosives, or a fascination with death and gore, such peer mistreatment may evoke a catastrophic reaction.

What do you think about the compulsive shopping?

Q1. Yes, in my personal experience normal shoppers and compulsive shoppers behave differently when they shop. Normal shoppers will consider how many budgets they have and what kind of products they need to buy before they go to shopping. And the compulsive shopper will not consider too much, they just enjoy the moment of the purchasing when they use credit card. But most of them don't have enough money to pay the credit card bill.

Q2. No, I don't know anyone who seems to be addicted to shopping. Because I think the groups of my friends are still young and don't have a lot of money for us to become the compulsive shoppers. We are still eager to making money on our jobs instead of to shopping.

Q3. In some countries, the culture encourage people to work hardly and to save the money they earned in the bank such as the Chinese people. In contrast, in some countries the culture encourage people to enjoy their life and shop a lot. You don't have to make a lot of money, but you can enjoy spending all your money on shoppings such as the Brazil people.

Q4. The advertisments affect the way people shop depends on what kind of product they sell and what kind of the buyer they want to attract. Take myself for example, I am really interested in 3C products. Therefore, I will always focus on the advertisment introducing about the electronic devices I'm interested. No doubt, the advertisement affect the way people shop in many kinds of reasons.

Q5. I will define a compulsive shopper who just like the alcoholic drinker or the compulsive gamblers. Without shopping or spending all the money he owns, he will never stop shopping. Until he declare bankruptcy or face the tragedy in his family, he just can understand what is he doing before.

Q6.If the author of this article can point out where is the recent study come from which authority on paragraph 3 may have made this essay stronger, cause people can find out the rate about compulsive shoppers in this society if someone want to do more research.

The clever behavior of some animal

Animals sometimes display very clever behavior. An example of this clever behavior is not only how a killer whale can identify who is its trainer and who ever try to harm it's whale family but also can comprehend the different kinds of whistle mean. In the movie "Free Willy" you can see the main character, the killer whale Willy, whom can interact with the chief actor Jesse. He can use the different whistle commanding the killer whale to jump over the water tank to touch the balls which are hang on the roof and to do some funny movements to entertain the audiences. But the most clever behavior you can see in this movie is that the killer whale can identify who ever try to capture itself and it's family and fight back when the bad guys fall into the water from the fishing boat. Just like human beings, when they face the dangerous situation the killer whale will do something try to protect it's young sister and young brother. Therefore, I think the killer whale is one kind of the clever animals.

What's the difference between academic and non-academic?

We talked about what's the difference between academic and non-academic writing yesterday, and the list below are some major diversities we discussed about.

First, the academic writing has a specific purpose and fixed structer in itself, but the non-academic writing has not the limition. The academic writing usually plays an important role in a series of researchs or experimets. Because the result of the researchs or experiments represent some kind of evidences taht we have to understand or to follow then we can get the truth or good performance we want in some kind of jobs. And it's usually have to spend a lot of money and energy to do a reserch or an experiment, then will come up a academic results. On the other hand, the non-academic writing doesn't need it, everyone can do a non-academic writing anytime in anywhere.

Second, it's need a lot of citations in the academic writing, cause them represent the evidence of your writings or experiments. The citations can make your writing has more powerful influence and let more people to trust it or to follow it. Just like the policies of a government, they can make a country stronger and stronger if the government make good policies and excute them very well. It's usually the good policies need many scholars to endorse, then the policies will earn more people to comply with them.

Third, the academic writing usually use special terminology. It depends on what kind of research area's audiences will read it.

My first week in GWU

Hello! My fellow classmates. My name is wei-chih Liao and I come from Taichung, Taiwan.
It's the beginning of my graduade student life in Washington D.C. in the USA. My major is accountcy in the school of business. The most important reason why I come to America is that I want to earn my master degree and pursuit my CPA license here. It's really nice to see you all here.